What Is Sundowning in Dogs?

Sundowning refers to behavioral changes in senior dogs that typically occur as the day transitions into evening. Dogs experiencing sundowning may become disoriented, restless, or anxious during this time. While the exact cause is not fully understood, sundowning is often linked to cognitive decline associated with aging. This condition is most common in dogs over nine years old and is considered a symptom of canine cognitive dysfunction (CDS).

Much like dementia in humans, sundowning can be distressing for both the dog and the owner. However, with proper management and support, you can improve your dog’s quality of life and make their golden years more comfortable.

Signs of Sundowning in Dogs

Recognizing the signs of sundowning early can help you address your dog’s needs more effectively. While symptoms may vary, common signs of sundowning in dogs include:

·         Disorientation

·         Restlessness

·         Changes in Sleep-Wake Patterns

·         Vocalization

·         House Soiling

·         Increased Anxiety

·         Altered Interactions

It’s essential to observe your dog’s behavior and take note of any patterns that emerge during specific times of the day.

What Causes Sundowning in Dogs?

Sundowning is primarily linked to the natural aging process of the brain, but several underlying factors may contribute to its onset:

1. Cognitive Decline

As dogs age, their brains can develop physical changes, such as the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, which are also seen in human Alzheimer’s patients. These changes can impair memory, learning, and problem-solving abilities, leading to confusion and disorientation.

2. Circadian Rhythm Disruption

Aging can interfere with your dog’s internal clock, known as their circadian rhythm. This disruption affects their ability to distinguish between day and night, leading to behavioral changes during the evening hours.

3. Sensory Decline

Vision and hearing impairments are common in senior dogs. Reduced sensory input can heighten anxiety and confusion, particularly in low-light conditions.

4. Underlying Health Conditions

Conditions such as chronic pain, arthritis, or hypothyroidism can exacerbate sundowning symptoms. It’s crucial to rule out any medical issues that might mimic or worsen cognitive dysfunction.

Understanding these potential causes can help you tailor a management plan for your dog’s specific needs.

How to Help a Dog with Sundowning 

While sundowning cannot be cured, there are several ways to help your dog feel more comfortable and reduce their symptoms. The following strategies focus on improving their environment, routine, and overall well-being.

1. Establish a Consistent Routine

Maintaining a predictable schedule for meals, walks, playtime, and bedtime can provide your dog with a sense of stability and reduce confusion. Dogs thrive on routine, and a consistent daily structure can help ease anxiety.

2. Provide a Calm and Comfortable Environment

Create a relaxing space for your dog to rest, particularly during the evening. Use dim lighting to reduce shadows that might confuse them, and consider playing soft, calming music to soothe their nerves. Removing potential obstacles can also prevent disorientation or injury.

3. Encourage Mental Stimulation

Engaging your dog’s mind is an excellent way to slow cognitive decline. Interactive toys, puzzle feeders, and short training sessions can help keep their brain active. However, be mindful of their energy levels and avoid overstimulation, especially in the evening.

4. Ensure Adequate Physical Activity

Daily exercise is crucial for both physical and mental health. Regular walks or gentle play sessions can help expend excess energy, making it easier for your dog to relax in the evening. Just be sure to avoid vigorous activity close to bedtime, as it may contribute to restlessness.

5. Optimize Their Diet

Nutrition plays a significant role in supporting brain health. Consider switching to a senior dog food formula that contains antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and essential vitamins. Consult your veterinarian for dietary recommendations tailored to your dog’s specific needs.

6. Consider Medications and Supplements

In some cases, your veterinarian may prescribe medications such as selegiline, which is FDA-approved for treating canine cognitive dysfunction. Nutritional supplements like S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) or melatonin may also help manage symptoms. Always discuss these options with your vet before starting any new treatments.

7. Create a Safe Space

Designate a quiet, safe area in your home where your dog can retreat if they feel overwhelmed. This space should be free of loud noises and distractions, providing them with a secure environment to relax.

When to Consult a Veterinarian

If you suspect your dog is experiencing sundowning, it’s important to consult your veterinarian for a thorough evaluation. While sundowning is a symptom of aging, other medical conditions such as pain, infection, or neurological disorders can mimic its signs. Your vet may perform a combination of physical exams, blood tests, and imaging studies to rule out these possibilities and confirm a diagnosis.

Regular check-ups are essential for monitoring your dog’s condition and adjusting their care plan as needed.

Support for Pet Owners

Caring for a senior dog with sundowning can be emotionally and physically taxing. Remember to prioritize your own well-being and seek support when needed. Joining online forums, speaking with fellow dog owners, or consulting a professional trainer can provide valuable insights and reassurance.

Patience and compassion are key to navigating this stage of your dog’s life. By understanding their needs and implementing effective strategies, you can help your dog feel loved, secure, and comfortable.

Final Thoughts

Sundowning in dogs is a challenging yet manageable condition that reflects the natural aging process. While the symptoms can be distressing, early recognition and proactive care can significantly improve your dog’s quality of life. By establishing a consistent routine, providing a calming environment, and working closely with your veterinarian, you can help your senior dog navigate this phase with dignity and comfort.

Remember, aging is a natural part of life, and with the right care and attention, you can ensure that your dog’s golden years are filled with love, support, and happiness. If you notice any signs of cognitive decline, don’t hesitate to reach out to your veterinarian to create a care plan tailored to your dog’s unique needs.